AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2641-8975/022
Professor (Retired) of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
*Corresponding Author: K.C. Bhuyan, Professor (Retired) of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Citation: K.C. Bhuyan (2020) Discriminating Bangladeshi Adults by the Prevalence of Obesity Disability J. Diabetes and Islet Biology 3(1); DOI: 10.31579/2641-8975/022
Copyright: © 2020, K.C. Bhuyan, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 05 October 2020 | Accepted: 09 October 2020 | Published: 30 October 2020
Keywords: obesity; disability; socioeconomic variables; discriminant analysis; correlation coefficient of discriminant function score and socioeconomic variable
The results presented here was derived in analyzing the data collected in investigating 900 adults from both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh to identify some of the socioeconomic variables responsible in discriminating obese disable adults from adults without this health problem . The sample contained 29.5% obese adults and 8.3% of them were disable. Level of obesity was significantly associated with different types of health hazard including disability. Obesity disability was predominant among females, illiterate persons, and physically inactive persons, high income group of persons and in diabetic adults. The most responsible variable for prevalence of obesity disability was level of body mass index followed by prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and illiteracy, and non-involvement in physical labor. These variables were identified by discriminant analysis.
Obesity and overweight are the responsible factors for many chronic non-communicable diseases, viz diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, neuropathic pain and inflammation, migraine, musculoskelated system disorders such as low back pain, osteoarthrities , neck pain, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, blindness and version problems, deaf-blind, epilepsy or seizures, head injury, deformity of foot or leg, arm, finger, learning disorder, mental retardation, emotional problem, missing legs, feet, hands, paralysis of any kind, spinal chord injury, and many others poor health conditions [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. The prevalence of obesity was increasing in many countries due to upward social mobility and the problem was shifting towards lower socioeconomic group of people [10, 11, 12, and 13]. The problem of obesity was also in increasing trend in developed countries [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15]. It is a growing problem worldwide and is associated with a range of comorbidities, including cognitive dysfunction [5, 16]. It is negatively correlated with quality life and physical activity [17].
In 2016, WHO reported that the overweight adults were 1.9 billion and obese adults were 650 million throughout the world [18, 19]. Thus, World Health Organization considers this health problem as the major cause of non-communicable diseases and these diseases are the major health burden in the industrialized countries owing to demographic transitions and changing lifestyles among the people. Behavioral factors have significant effects on metabolic risk. The developed and developing countries are facing high risk of obesity and its adverse consequences due to unhygienic food habit, sedentary activities and lifestyles [19–23]. Beside these, some other socioeconomic variable are also responsible for obesity and its adverse consequences [24 – 25].
In this paper, an attempt was made to identify some socioeconomic variables responsible for obesity and disability simultaneously among some adults in Bangladesh by discriminating obese- disable adults from other.
According to the objective of the study an attempt was made to collect data from both diabetic and non- diabetic adults of ages 18 years and above living in both urban and rural localities of Bangladesh. A big group of diabetic adults were targeted to ensure large number of obese people as obesity and prevalence of diabetes were associated [1, 2, 24, and 26]. The investigated diabetic patients were 544. To study the variability of socioeconomic variables for diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, some respondents were also investigated as a control group. The number of this latter group of respondents was 346 and they were the parents/guardians of the 200 randomly selected students of the American International University - Bangladesh. However, among this latter group of respondents also 91 were found diabetic patients. Thus, finally, out of 900 adults there were 635 diabetic patients and 265 normal subjects.
The data were collected through a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire during the months of May and June, 2015 by some undergraduate and post graduate students of American International University-Bangladesh, most of whom were doctors and nurses, of the department of Public Health and they were associated with public health services. The data were collected from the diabetic patients of the working places of the investigators according to their convenience.
The collected data were related to socio-demographic characteristics of each person, viz. age, height weight, marital status, residence, education, occupation, income, religion, food habit, smoking habit, involvement in physical activities , physical exercise, prevalence of diabetes, treatment and prevalence of complications due to diabetes, type of diabetes, pre-cautions against the disease, , latest measurement of blood sugar level by authentic body. Some of the variables recorded were qualitative in character and some were quantitative. All variables were transformed to nominal form by assigning numbers to ease the required analysis.
The association of simultaneous prevalence of obesity and disability of respondents with different socioeconomic variables were investigated by Chi-square test. The significance of association was decided when the p-value of the Chi-square test statistic was less than or equal to 0.05. Irrespective of significance or insignificance association the risk ratio (R.R) of a level of social characteristic in favor of prevalence of obesity disability was calculated along with confidence interval [C.I] of R.R. Discriminant analysis was done to discriminate the obese-disable adults from other groups of respondents. The discrimination helps to identify the responsible factors for the prevalence of obesity- disability [27, 28, and 29]. The analysis was done by using SPSS version 25.0.
The level of obesity was measured by BMI [weight in kg /height in (m)2].According to the objective of the study, the respondents were classified as obese (if BMI ≥ 27.5), overweight (if 23 ≤ BMI < 27.5), normal (if 18.5 ≤ BMI < 23) and underweight (if BMI < 18.5 [30, 31]. The adults were classified into 4 groups according to their blood pressure (B.P) level. These groups were optimal (if B.P< 120/80), normal (B.P. < 130/85), high normal (if B.P. < 140 /90) and hypertensive (if B.P.≥ 140 / 90) [32].
It was observed from the analysis that out of 900 respondents 29.5% were obese and 8.3% of them were disable also [Table 1]. Rate of disability was in significantly increasing trend with the increase in level of BMI
[
=43.082, p-value=0.000]
The rural adults were only 18.6% but 3.0% of them were suffering simultaneously from both obesity and disability. Though prevalence of obesity disability was not significantly associated with residence, still the risk of this health problem for rural adults was 1.20 times as it was for urban adults [ R.R=1.20; C.I{0.48 , 3.44 };
=0.260., p-value-= 0.610]. The percentage of female respondents was 41.1 and 3.8% of them were affected by this health hazard. The risk of prevalence of obesity disability for females was 2.51 times as it was for males [R.R. =2.51, C.I {1.06, 5.92}]. The prevalence of this health problem was significantly associated with gender variation [
= 4.726, p –value=0.030]. In the sample 87.1% were Muslims and 2.7% of them were the patients of obesity- disability. However, religion was not significantly associated with prevalence of obesity-disability [
=1.398, p –value=0.237]. But the risk for Muslim respondents was 3.11 times as it was for non-Muslim adults [R.R. =3.11, C.I. {0.42, 22.92}]. The percentage of married persons was 92.6 and prevalence of obesity-disability was prevailed among 2.6% of them. No currently single adult of the sample was facing the problem of this health hazard. However, marital status was not significantly associated with prevalence of obesity-disability [
= 1.814, p –value = 0.178]. This study indicated that single adult had no risk of prevalence of this health problem. The sample adults of ages less than 40 years were 15.9% and none of them had the experience of prevalence of obesity disability. More (3.2%) obese and disable adults were noted among elderly people of ages 40 to less than 50 years (31.2%). The percentage of obese and disable adults was 2.7 among eldest (ages 50 years and above, 52.9%) adults. But prevalence of obesity- disability was not significantly changing with the change in age [
= 4.425, p –value=0.219]. But people of ages 40 to 50 years had 17% more risk compared to the risk of eldest people [R.R. =1.17, C.I. {0.51, 2.70}]. The percentage of illiterate respondents in the sample was 4.0 and 8.3% of them were the patients of obesity-disability. The rate of prevalence was significantly decreasing with the increase in level of education [
= 9.081, p–value=0.039].The chance of prevalence in illiterate adults was 3.79 times as it was in adults of other levels of education [R.R. =3.79, C.I {1.19, 12.09}]. Twenty per cent sample respondents were housewives and 5.6% of them were facing the problem of obesity-disability. The chance of prevalence was 3.33 times among this group compared to the chance of others [R. R. =3.33, C.I. {1.46, 7.58}]. The prevalence of obesity-disability rates among servicemen (27.6%), businessmen (23%) and farmers (17.1%) were 2.0%, 0.5% and 0.6%, respectively. But prevalence of this health problem was significantly associated with profession of the adults [
=14.892, p-value=0.005]. The percentage of physically inactive adults was 50.7 and 1.5% of them were the patients of obesity-disability. The prevalence rate was higher (3.4%) among physically active adults (49.3%). The chance of prevalence for this group was 2.20 times as it was in physically inactive adults [R.R. =2.20, C.I. {0.91, 5.35}]. Level of family income was significantly associated with prevalence of obesity-disability and 5.6% adults belonged to [
= 13.143, p –value= 0.011] families of highest income group (19.8%) were suffering from this health hazard. The chance of prevalence was 3.38 times among this group as it was in others [R.R. =3.38, C.I. {1.48, 7.70}]. Level of family expenditure was not significantly associated with prevalence of obesity-disability [
=4.215, p-value=0.378]. But prevalence rate was higher in adults belonged to families spending highest amount as family expenditure (Tk. 60 thousand and above). The percentage of adults of these families was 18.3 and 3.6% of them were suffering. The chance of prevalence for this group was 1.67 times compared to the chance of others [R.R. =1.67, C.I {0.66, 4.20}].
Only 2.9% adults were hypertensive and 7.7% of them were suffering from obesity-disability as against 2.4% adults of this category in the sample. The chance of prevalence of obesity- disability was 3.36 times for hypertensive adults compared to the chance of other respondents [R.R.=3.36,C.I. {0.48,23.57}].The rate of prevalence was increased with the increase in level of blood pressure of adults, though this increase was not statistically significant [
= 7.141, p –value=0.068]. All the obese-disable adults in the sample were diabetic patients (70.6%). None of the non-diabetic adults (29.4%) was suffering from obesity-disability at the same time. However, prevalence of diabetes and prevalence of obesity-disability were significantly associated [
=9.411, p-value=0.002]. The percentage of non-smoker adults was 68.7 and 3.1% of them were patient’s obesity-disability. The chance of prevalence of this health problem in these adults was 3.63 times as it was in smokers [R.R. = 3.63, C.I. {1.08, 12.16}]. However, smoking habit and prevalence of obesity-disability was not significantly associated [
=3.283, p-value=0.070].
Discriminant analysis
According to the objective of the study attempt was made to discriminate adults suffering simultaneously from obesity and disability from other adults. The variables included for discrimination were residence, religion, gender, age, marital status, education, profession, family income and expenditure, body mass index, prevalence of diabetes, blood pressure, and smoking habit. As a step of analysis, the differences in these variables for two groups of adults were investigated by F- test. It was observed that the variables gender, age, education, occupation, body mass index, prevalence of diabetes and blood pressure levels were significantly different for two groups. The discriminant analysis was also significant [
= 85.768, p –value=0.000] indicating that the two groups of adults were discriminated well. The method identified the most important variable for discrimination depending on the highest absolute value of correlation coefficient(r) of discriminant function score with socioeconomic variable. The results were shown in Table 3 below:
The most important variable or discrimination was body mass index followed by prevalence of diabetes, level of blood pressure, education, occupation, gender, and age.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity are in increasing trend from the last decades [10–12] and these are the sources of at least 30 non-communicable chronic diseases including different types of disabilities [6 – 9, 33-36]. Body mass index has been identified as key health indicator and determination of health for people including intellectual disability [35]. Except social factors, some dietary factors and physical activity and sedentary activity are responsible for obesity [25, 35, and 37]. This study was planned to identify some socioeconomic variables responsible for simultaneous prevalence of obesity and disability.
For the study, 900 adults of ages 18 years and above were investigated from both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. Among the adults 29.5% were obese and 8.3% of them had some physical disability. The sample disable adults were 2.4%. The percentages of prevalence of obesity- disability in rural people, females, Muslims, married adults, elderly people (40 years and above), illiterate people, housewives, adults of higher family income and higher family expenditure were 3.0%, 3.8%, 2.7%, 2.6%, 2.9%, 8.3%, 5.6%, 5.6%, 3.6%, respectively. These percentages were higher compared to the overall percentage of obese-disable adults in the sample. These percentages of obese-disable adults were for a particular level of some of the social variables. All these variables mentioned above were not significantly associated with the prevalence of obesity disability of the adults. The significantly associated variables were gender, marital status, education, occupation, and family income. Similar results were noted in some earlier studies also [5, 25, and 38]. But, adults of the above mentioned categories were at higher risk of prevalence of the disease. Level of blood pressure and prevalence of diabetes were significantly associated with obesity-disability. All obese disable adults were diabetic and 7.7% of them were hypertensive. The chance of prevalence of the problem among hypertensive adults was more than three times as it was in others.
The different socioeconomic variables were not similarly responsible for the prevalence of obesity-disability. This was also observed from the study of the risk ratios. However, most important variables was body mass index followed by prevalence of diabetes, level of blood pressure, education, occupation and gender. These variables were identified by discriminant analysis.
The objective of the study was to identify the risk and responsible factors for the prevalence of obesity disability among the adults of Bangladesh as obesity is a growing health hazard worldwide. It is one of the major risk factor for many non-communicable and chronic diseases. According to the objective of the study, the analysis was done using the data of 900 adults residing in both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. The investigation of risk and responsible variables was done by calculating risk ratio and discriminant analysis, respectively. The results indicated that level of obesity was significantly associated with different types of physical problems. Again, prevalence of obesity-disability was associated with some of the socioeconomic variables under study. The associated variables were gender, education, occupation, income, prevalence of diabetes, and prevalence of hypertension. From both the analytical results it can be concluded that obesity, prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and illiteracy were the responsible factors for obesity-disability. The disease was more prevalent among females and housewives.
Due to upward social mobility, obesity and its related diseases cannot be avoided. But there should be some steps to reduce the rate of obesity, especially in adults. Some of the suggested steps are
Government agencies, health service providers in both urban and rural areas, social workers and private medical practitioners can encourage the people to follow the above suggestions.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
